General Music
Jazz
Episode 1:  Gumbo
Viewing Guide

1.  Jazz is an _____________________________ art, making itself up as it goes along.

2.  Jazz is ever changing, but almost always rooted in the ____________________ .

3.  ___________________________________ falsely claimed to have invented jazz, but was the first jazz artist to show that it could be written down.

4.  On Sunday afternoons, slaves in New Orleans were allowed to congregate in ________________________________ where they performed music and dance with an Afro-Caribbean flavor that attracted diverse audiences.

5.  The prosperous free blacks of mixed ancestry in New Orleans called themselves ____________________________ of color, identifying more with their European heritage than with African.  Some even owned __________________________________.

6.  In the days preceding the Civil War, New Orleans had ___________________ opera companies and ____________________ symphony orchestras.

7.  So-called "plantation" songs were performed by whites blacked up as blacks and blacks blacked up as whites playing blacks in _____________________________shows, producing the first recognizable body of ___________________________ music.

8.  The first minstrel song written down was attributed by musician "Daddy Rice" as having been originally performed for him by a black stable hand named ___________________________________, a name that would come to be associated with segregationist laws in the South.

9.  What event early in the Civil War gave New Orleans slaves greater artistic and other freedoms?

10.  What event in 1877 was a setback to these freedoms.

11.  What other event occurring in 1877 was important for the development of music in America?

12.  In the 1890s, a form of music invented by black pianists in the midwest and called ____________________combined African syncopation with European melodies and march form.  Its most important proponent was composer ___________________________________.

12.  At about the same time, blacks of the Mississippi Delta trying to escape the oppression of Jim Crow laws brought ____________________________ to New Orleans.

13.  Wynton Marsalis compares Jazz to gumbo.  What does he call the "roux" of the gumbo?

14.  It (#10) was the "profaned wind" of the ________________________________________.

15.  Describe the difference between having the blues and singing the blues.

16.  Who started the "Big Noise" in jazz?

17.  He reorganized the conventional European metric scheme with accents on beats 1 and 3, shifting accents to beats 2 and 4 in a new scheme Wynton Marsalis calls ____________________________.

18.  He began calling the music he played _______________________________.

19.  ______________________________, like the Romanticist _______________________________ found work as a young pianist in bordellos.

20.  What event precipitated the former’s touring career?

21.  What was the original spelling of "jazz."  From where is this name supposed to have come?  What were other names?

22.  Who was the Creole prodigy Wynton Marsalis called the Napoleon of New Orleans jazz?

23.  What trends in dancing to ragtime accompaniment in the late 1910s disturbed the older generation of both white and black middle class?

24.  By the time he was 23, _________________________________ was the premier music director for Broadway shows and band leader for society dances in New York.

25.  Why did his band memorize their music even though they were fantastic readers?

26.  The music of he and his band received widespread exposure as they accompanied the popular dancers known as ___________________________.

27.  On _________________________ (date) ___________________________ (band) made the first jazz recording in the __________________________ Studio in New York City.

28.  Their record outsold what two previously most popular recording artists?

29.  ___________________________________ insisted, even after retiring from performance and returning to the construction business in New Orleans, that jazz had been a completely white invention.

30.  Who was sentenced to an indeterminate term in the Colored Waif's Home of New Orleans after being arrested for firing his father's .38 in the New Years celebration of 1913?